What does the legal term "res judicata" signify?

The term "res judicata" signifies a legal doctrine that prevents the re-litigation of cases that have already been decided by a competent court. This principle is essential in the legal system, as it upholds the finality of decisions and maintains the integrity of judicial proceedings. Once a court has rendered a final judgment on a matter, that judgment is conclusive and barring certain exceptions, parties cannot bring the same issue or claim before the court again. This serves to promote judicial efficiency, prevent inconsistent verdicts, and protect parties from the burden of having to defend against multiple lawsuits regarding the same issue.

Understanding the relevance of "res judicata" is vital for ensuring that legal disputes are resolved definitively, allowing individuals and entities to move forward without the ongoing threat of re-litigation over previously settled matters.