What is a "testament"?

A "testament" refers specifically to a legal document that articulates an individual's desires regarding how their property and assets should be distributed upon their death. This document, commonly known as a will, lays out the intentions of the person making the testament and provides direction for their heirs and an executor for administering the estate. By creating a testament, individuals can ensure that their wishes are legally recognized and followed, thereby providing clarity and reducing potential disputes among survivors.

The other options represent different legal concepts that do not align with the definition of a testament. For instance, a court's ruling on a dispute pertains to a judicial decision rather than a document expressing personal wishes. A statement made in court refers to verbal or written evidence presented during legal proceedings, which is unrelated to the testament's function. Professional legal consultation involves seeking advice from a lawyer, which does not constitute a testament itself.